Semen Evaluation

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FAQs re: Semen Sample Collection

Most men will initially be diagnosed with a potential male factor problem based on the results of an ejaculated sperm specimen. Normal values for the sperm analysis, as defined by the World Health Organization (WHO):

Semen Analysis-WHO Minimal Standards of Adequacy

• Ejaculate volume ------------- 1.5-5.0cc (milliliters)
• Sperm Concentration-------- >20 million sperm per cc
• Motility--------------------------- >50%
• Forward Progression--------- 2 (scale 1-4)
• Morphology-------------------- 30% normal forms (WHO criteria)
• Morphology-------------------- >4% normal forms (Krueger criteria) 

 

Morphology
Another important parameter in the semen analysis is the morphology, or shape of the sperm. The shape of the sperm is a reflection of proper sperm development in the testicle, or spermatogenesis. Men with a defect in sperm maturation tend to have problems with sperm morphology and may then be at risk for failure of their sperm to fertilize their partner's eggs.

Urologic Examination
Once an abnormal finding on a semen analysis is identified, the male partner should be referred to an urologist for an examination and a review of his medical history. Usually, a repeat semen analysis will be recommended by the urologist as there is significant variability from specimen to specimen. The urologist will usually want to examine a urine sample to rule out infection or evidence of kidney or bladder problems.

If the size of the testicles is less than expected, the male will be tested for hormone levels and he will also be examined to see if he might have a varicocele, a set of dilated veins in the scrotum that is associated with infertility. If a blockage of the sperm collection or transport system anatomy is suspected, additional tests may be recommended.

Antisperm Antibodies
One other test worth mentioning is the direct anti-sperm antibody test. It is well known that men who have undergone a vasectomy and a subsequent vasectomy reversal frequently develop antibodies against their own sperm. If a large number of these antibodies bind to the head of the sperm, it becomes increasingly difficult for fertilization to take place. In about 5% of men with unexplained infertility who have no prior surgery will have anti-sperm antibodies which may cause fertilization defects. Therefore, some physicians and urologists will recommend the direct anti-sperm antibody test be performed on the sperm of men who have otherwise unexplained infertility. If the sperm sample shows significant amounts of agglutination (sperm stuck to each other) this test should be performed.

FAQ

What do I collect my sample in?

Please use the collection kit provided by our office. The basic collection kit is free of charge. Other collection kits or items you have at home may affect your sperm sample.

How long after I collect my semen sample do I have to deliver the sample to the office?

Your sample should arrive at our office not more than 45 minutes after collection.  If you live further than 45 minutes away, you may schedule a time to use the collection room in the office.

Where do I drop my off my semen sample?

You will need to schedule an appointment and bring your sample to the receptionist/check-in desk at the scheduled time. You will need to complete paperwork at the office. Be sure to completely fill out the label that is included in the collection kit and attach to specimen. Please do not remove the sample from the bag.  All specimens must be delivered by the male partner.  Specimens will be discarded if delivered by someone other than the name on the label.

Will I need to do anything after I drop off the semen analysis?

If you have not completed registration forms you will first be asked to do so. Upon checking in at the front desk you will complete the "chain of custody" form.

Is there a storage fee to cryopreserve sperm?

Yes, there is a storage fee. Please contact our financial department to find out the charges.

Can my wife or significant other drop off my semen sample?

No.  All semen samples must be dropped off by the male partner for positive identification of the sample.

How much does a semen analysis and morphology cost?

A semen analysis is $90. A morphology (intensive assessment of sperm appearance) is $175.

Do you have a place in your office to collect the sample?

Our office has a private collection room available by appointment only. Your wife or significant other can accompany you.

What if I am not able to collect a semen sample?

Our office has a special collection kit available for purchase to use with natural intercourse to collect your sample.  The cost of this kit is $27.

How do I order donor sperm?

Please call the office and speak directly with Holly or Kepler. Our clinic does not accept sperm if our staff did not place the order.

So I need an appointment to drop off a semen sample or insemination sample?

You will need to call ahead to schedule an appointment for semen analysis or insemination. If you plan to collect your sample in our office we need to know that information at the time of scheduling your appointment. If you do not reserve the collection room, we will assume you are collecting the semen sample at home.

How long can cryopreserved sperm be stored for?

Frozen sperm can remain viable for over 25 years when stored properly.